S2E5 - Understanding Today’s Alzheimer’s Diagnostic Tools

In this episode of Minding Dementia, we continue our discussion on how Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed today. While a definitive diagnosis can still only be confirmed through autopsy, modern medical tools now allow physicians to diagnose Alzheimer’s with up to 90% accuracy while a person is living.
This episode explores the key diagnostic tools doctors use alongside PET scans to better understand cognitive changes and rule out other causes of memory loss.

How Alzheimer’s Is Diagnosed
Physicians rely on a combination of evaluations, including:
Medical history and neurological exams
Neuropsychological testing (memory, language, problem-solving)
Blood tests to rule out other conditions
Brain imaging such as CT, MRI, and PET scans
No single test can diagnose Alzheimer’s—accuracy comes from using multiple tools together.

Biomarkers & New Testing Advances
Biomarkers found in blood, spinal fluid, and brain imaging help identify Alzheimer’s-related changes such as beta-amyloid plaques and tau proteins.
In May 2025, the FDA approved Lumipulse, the first blood test to assist in diagnosing Alzheimer’s:
Approved for adults 50+ with early cognitive symptoms
Can rule out Alzheimer’s with over 96% accuracy
Less invasive and more affordable than PET scans or lumbar punctures
Used alongside other diagnostic tools—not as a standalone diagnosis

Why This Matters
Earlier and more accurate diagnosis allows individuals and families to:
Plan sooner
Explore treatment options
Access clinical trials
Better understand next steps
While no test is 100% definitive without autopsy, today’s tools provide meaningful clarity and guidance.

Resources
Psychology Today – Alzheimer’s Diagnosis Overview
https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/more-than-caregiving/201103/can-alzheimers-disease-only-truly-be-diagnosed-upon-an-autopsy
National Institute on Aging – Biomarkers & Dementia
https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers
Northwestern Medicine – Alzheimer’s Diagnosis
https://www.nm.org/neurosciences/alzheimers-disease
The Lancet – Alzheimer’s Research
https://www.thelancet.com

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